Art of Sichuan Face Changing

Face ChangingBian Lian (simplified Chinese: 变脸; traditional Chinese: 變臉; pinyin: Biàn Liǎn; literally "Face-Changing") is an ancient Chinese dramatic art that is part of the more general Sichuan opera. Performers wear brightly colored costumes and move to quick, dramatic music. They also wear vividly colored masks, which they change within a fraction of a second. History
The face changing, or "bian lian" in Chinese, is an important aspect of Chinese Sichuan opera. Performers wave their arms and twist their heads, and their painted masks change repeatedly.
Face changing began 300 years ago, during the reign of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795). At the beginning opera masters changed the color of their face during performances by blowing into a bowl of red, black or gold powder. The powder would adhere to their oiled skin quickly. In another method, actors would smear their faces with colored paste concealed in the palms of their hands.
The changing of types of lian pu (Chinese opera facial make-up) and colours reflect a character's mood: for instance, red represents anger and black represents extreme fury.
Face-changing was first used in a story about a hero who stole from the rich to help the poor. When he was caught by feudal officials, he changed his face to puzzle them and escaped as a result.
By the 1920s, opera masters began using layers of masks made of oiled paper or dried pig bladder. Skilled performers could peel off one mask after another in less than a second. Modern-day masters use full-face painted silk masks, which can be worn in layers of as many as twenty-four, and be pulled off one by one.
Recently, Hong Kong pop star Andy Lau learned this secret art from skilled masters by paying them about 3,000,000 yuan[citation needed] (360,000), much to the chagrin of other old experts. Andy Lau only learned how to do the trick, but has not yet mastered it.[1] This secret has been passed down from one generation to the next within families. In fact only males are permitted to learn Bian Lian. The old way of thinking was that women do not stay within the family, and would marry out. And as such there was the risk the secret would be passed to another family. Therefore the art is technically forbidden to women.

川剧绝活：变脸 变脸是运用在川剧艺术中塑造人物的一种特技。是揭示剧中人物内心思想感情的一种浪漫主义手法。 相传“变脸”是古代人类面对凶猛的野兽，为了生存把自己脸部用不同的方式勾画出不同形态，以吓唬入侵的野兽。川剧把“变脸”搬上舞台，用绝妙的技巧使它成为一门独特的艺术。 变脸的手法大体上分为三种： “抹脸”、“吹脸”、“扯”。此外，还有一种“运气”变脸。 “抹脸”是将化妆油彩涂在脸的某一特定部位上，到时用手往脸上一抹，便可变成另外一种脸色。如果要全部变，则油彩涂于额上或眉毛上，如果只变下半部脸，则油彩可涂在脸或鼻子上。如果只需变某一个局部，则油彩只涂要变的位置即可。如《白蛇传》中的许仙，《放裴》中的裴禹，《飞云剑》中的陈仑老鬼等都采用“抹脸”的手法。 “吹脸”只适合于粉末状的化妆品，如金粉、墨粉、银粉等等。有的是在舞台的地面上摆一个很小的盒子，内装粉末，演员到时做一个伏地的舞蹈动作，趁机将脸贴近盒子一吹，粉末扑在脸上，立即变成另一种颜色的脸。必须注意的是：吹时闭眼、闭口、闭气。《活捉子都》中的子都，《治中山》中的乐羊子等人物的变脸，采用的便是“吹脸”的方式。 “扯脸”是比较复杂的一种变脸方法。它是事前将脸谱画在一张一张的绸子上，剪好，每张脸谱上都系一把丝线，再一张一张地贴在脸上。丝线则系在衣服的某一个顺手而又不引人注目的地方(如腰带上之类)。随着剧情的进展，在舞蹈动作的掩护下，一张一张地将它扯下来。如《白蛇传》中的钵童(紫金铙钵)，可以变绿、红、白、黑等七、八张不同的脸。再如《旧正楼》中的贼、《望娘滩》的聂龙等也使用扯脸。 “扯脸”有一定的难度。一是粘脸谱的粘合剂不宜太多，以免到时扯不下来，或者一次把所有的脸谱都扯下来。二是动作要干净利落，假动作要巧妙，能掩观众眼目。 还有一种方式是“运气变脸”。 传说已故川剧名演员彭泗洪，在扮演《空城计》中的诸葛亮时，当琴童报告司马懿大兵退去以后，他能够运用气功而使脸由红变白，再由白转青，意在表现诸葛亮如释重负后的后怕。 总之，变脸在川剧中是很绝的一门技艺，现在已被其它兄弟剧种所借鉴，并且已经流传国外。